 6 Reasons Why Girls' Education in The Gambia Requires UrgentEvery girl deserves the opportunity to learn, dream, and build a future. Yet for thousands of girls in The Gambia, that opportunity is still uncertain. Education has the power to transform lives, yet for thousands of girls in The Gambia, simply completing school remains an uphill battle. While the country has made real progress in expanding access to primary education, that progress often stalls the moment girls approach secondary school. Poverty, child marriage, gender inequality, limited access to digital technology, high dropout rates, and sexual abuse continue to stand between girls and the education they deserve. The barriers do more than interrupt a girl's schooling. They narrow her future, put her health and wellbeing at risk, and slow the social and economic development of entire communities. When a girl is forced out of school, it isn't just her future that's diminished, it's her community's. In this blog, we explore six reasons why girls' education in The Gambia demands urgent attention, drawing on research, real experiences, and the work of the SaGG Foundation. You'll see why investing in girls' education is one of the most powerful ways to break the cycle of poverty and inequality and how, together, we can help every girl access the education, support, and opportunities she deserves. Video by UNICEF The Gambia 1. Too Many Girls Never Complete Their EducationThe Gambia has made significant progress in expanding access to education, with more girls than ever enrolling in primary school. However, the greatest challenge is no longer getting girls into school; it's keeping them there. According to UNESCO, an estimated 79.2% of girls complete primary education, but completion falls to 64.9% at lower secondary and just 35.7% at upper secondary level, meaning thousands of girls leave school before gaining the qualifications needed for higher education or meaningful employment. The reasons behind these statistics are complex but interconnected. Poverty, child marriage, gender inequality, unsafe journeys to school, and the hidden costs of education continue to force many girls out of the classroom. Although public education is officially free, families are still expected to pay for uniforms, books, transport, examination fees, and other school essentials. For low-income households, these costs often determine whether a daughter remains in school or drops out.  "Gambia’s 2023 primary enrolment reached 86.8% for girls, yet secondary participation stalls at 65.6% and completion falls to 25%, a stark contrast to boys’ rates" (UNICEF, 2024). 2. Gender Norms and Cultural Expectations Continue to Hold Girls BackIn many parts of The Gambia, deeply rooted gender norms and cultural expectations continue to shape the lives of girls long before they reach adulthood. While attitudes are gradually changing, many girls are still expected to prioritise domestic responsibilities over education. From an early age, they may spend hours cooking, cleaning, collecting water, caring for younger siblings, or supporting family businesses, leaving little time for studying. In some communities, girls are expected to marry during adolescence, with some becoming wives and mothers as young as 14 years old, bringing their education to an abrupt end. Others grow up hearing that their future is in "a man's house", reinforcing the belief that investing in a girl's education is less valuable than preparing her for marriage. These harmful stereotypes limit aspirations, reduce educational opportunities, and perpetuate cycles of poverty and inequality. Challenging these norms through community engagement, parental education, female role models, and advocacy is essential to ensuring every girl has the opportunity to complete her education and fulfil her potential. Video by UNICEF 3. Poverty Forces Too Many Girls Out of SchoolPoverty remains one of the greatest barriers to girls' education in The Gambia. Although basic education is officially free, the reality for many families is very different. Parents are still expected to cover the cost of school uniforms, books, stationery, transport, examination fees, and other essential learning materials. For households already struggling to meet daily needs, these expenses can make it impossible to continue a girl's education. The World Bank estimates that around 20% of Gambians live below the international poverty line of US$3.00 per day, while the country's GDP per capita is approximately US$919, reflecting the limited financial resources available to many families. When difficult financial decisions must be made, girls are often expected to leave school to support their families by doing household work or engaging in income-generating activities. What It Really Costs to Educate a GirlWhen we talk about education, it’s easy to assume that “free schooling” means there are no costs involved, but for many families in The Gambia, sending a child to school still comes at a cost, often higher than they can afford. The Everyday Costs Families Face Even in public schools, parents are expected to cover a range of basic expenses.
Individually, these costs might not seem overwhelming, but together, they quickly become unaffordable for many households. A £10/month sponsorship covers 100% of the direct costs listed above, plus a mentor’s quarterly visit and a health check-in. The Hidden Costs No One Talks About Beyond these visible expenses, there are other pressures that families face Even when official school fees are removed, the cost of uniforms, meals and materials can take up a significant portion of a family’s income. For some, it can be as much as 20% of what they have available to spend. There’s also the cost of lost income. When families are struggling, girls are often expected to help, whether that means caring for younger siblings or earning money through menial jobs. Over time, this pulls them further away from education and deeper into the cycle of poverty. 4. Child Marriage Continues to Cut Girls' Education ShortFor many girls in The Gambia, education ends long before they have the opportunity to fulfil their potential. Child marriage remains one of the most significant barriers to girls completing secondary education. According to UNICEF, around 30% of women aged 20–24 in The Gambia were married before the age of 18, limiting their opportunities to continue learning, develop careers, and become financially independent. Once married, many girls are expected to manage household responsibilities and care for children, making a return to school extremely difficult. Video by CNN Benefits of keeping girls in schoolKeeping girls in school is one of the most effective ways to delay child marriage and improve future opportunities. Research from UNESCO and the Global Partnership for Education shows that girls who complete secondary education are more likely to marry later, earn higher incomes, and raise healthier families.  5. Limited Access to Digital Skills Is Widening the Gender Digital DivideAs the world becomes increasingly digital, many girls in The Gambia risk being left behind because they lack access to computers, reliable internet, and digital skills training. While digital literacy is becoming essential for higher education, employment, entrepreneurship, and participation in the modern economy, many schools have limited ICT facilities, particularly in rural communities. Girls from low-income households often have fewer opportunities to use technology than boys, further widening the gender digital divide. Without digital skills, girls face reduced access to university opportunities, online learning, scholarships, and future careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Closing this gap is essential to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality). Through computer donations, digital skills training, and educational support, the SaGG Foundation is helping equip girls with the knowledge and confidence they need to succeed in an increasingly digital world. 6. Investing in Girls' Education Creates Lasting Change for GenerationsInvesting in girls' education in The Gambia is not only the right thing to do but also one of the smartest investments a country can make. According to the World Bank, every additional year of schooling can increase a woman's future earnings by 10–20%, while countries lose billions in lifetime productivity when girls leave school early. UNESCO estimates that if every girl completed secondary education, child marriage would decline significantly, maternal and child deaths would fall, and millions more women would enter the workforce. Educated women are also more likely to invest up to 90% of their income back into their families, compared with 30–40% for men, creating healthier children, stronger communities, and more resilient economies. Be the Reason a Girl stays in SchoolFor just £10 a month, you can help a vulnerable girl stay in school by providing access to education, learning materials, mentoring, and the support she needs to build a brighter future. Together, we can transform one life and the lives of generations to come.
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Rooted in Strength: Mindfulness and Girls' Mental HealthMindfulness is a powerful tool that helps girls pause, breathe, and better understand their thoughts and emotions. For young Black girls in Africa, it can be especially empowering, building confidence, reducing stress, and supporting success in school and beyond. At the Sagg Foundation, we believe combining mindfulness with education creates a path for girls to thrive, dream bigger, and own their future.  Source: GirlsForGirlsAfrica In Africa, many girls struggle to stay in school while balancing academic demands, household duties, and social pressures. These challenges often take a toll on their mental health, making it harder to focus and continue learning. Mindfulness can be a powerful tool helping girls manage stress, build resilience, and find the strength to pursue their education despite the obstacles. What is Mindfulness?Mindfulness means being fully present, observing thoughts, feelings, and sensations without judgment. It's not about pushing emotions away, but acknowledging them, letting go of their grip, and returning to the present moment. By practicing mindfulness, we can better understand how our emotions and thoughts shape our behavior, improving mental health and self-awareness. Source: TEDx Talks Mindfulness Matters: Helping Girls Thrive in Africa's SchoolsFor many girls in Africa, the path to education is fraught with obstacles that extend far beyond the classroom walls. Lack of access to schooling can take a serious toll on their mental health, fostering feelings of uncertainty, anxiety, and low self-worth. Even when girls are able to attend school, the psychological burden doesn’t disappear. Many carry constant worries about whether they will be able to continue their education, especially in contexts where poverty, cultural expectations, or social pressures make staying in school uncertain. Source: AWDF These worries are compounded by pervasive myths and societal expectations about girls’ roles. From a young age, girls are often socialized to believe their future is primarily in household chores, caregiving, or early marriage rather than in personal or professional achievement. Such pressures can lead to internalized stress, feelings of inadequacy, and even depression. The fear of falling behind academically or being forced to abandon their studies can overshadow their learning experiences, making school a source of anxiety rather than empowerment. Why Is Mental Wellbeing In School Important?Investing in girls’ secondary education has transformative effects: it boosts lifetime earnings, drives national economic growth, reduces child marriage, and lowers child and maternal mortality. Yet, globally, 129 million girls remain out of school, 32 million of primary age and 97 million of secondary age. In Africa, girls’ secondary enrolment varies widely, from as low as 4.5% in South Sudan to as high as 87% in some countries. While some nations are nearing gender parity, Ghana (57.7%), Zimbabwe (48.9%), Sierra Leone (41%), completion rates tell a different story. In countries like Angola, the Central African Republic, and South Sudan, far fewer girls finish primary school compared to boys, highlighting persistent barriers to sustained education. These statistics remind us that access alone isn’t enough, girls need ongoing support to stay in school and thrive.  Source: MindMatters Mental Health Concerns For Girls In Africa
Benefits of Mindfulness and Mental HealthIntegrating mindfulness practices into schools offers a promising way to help girls navigate these challenges. By teaching techniques to manage stress, focus on the present, and build emotional resilience, mindfulness can empower girls to reclaim mental space that has been dominated by fear and societal pressure. When girls feel supported not just academically but emotionally, they are better equipped to pursue their dreams, break harmful stereotypes, and thrive in an environment that values their potential. Source: Dr. Tracey Marks Resources For Mental Health
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